The Creation Of A Life - 1472 Words

The Creation Of A Life I don’t know my name. I don’t know my birthday. I don’t have a family. These are just a few of the things in my life that I created. I remember waking up to the light. The brightest of lights was shining down on me. Looking around, I began to question my existence. I couldn t remember anything. Actually, that’s not true I remember dying; or at least I thought that is what happened. The sensation of drowning was the only thing that remained clear in my mind. But, as it turns out, I was wrong. I survived. I survived the hurricane that otherwise took everything from me. I woke with a loud cough followed by a deep breath. Looking back, that breath was the beginning of it all. Although it wasn’t my first breath, it†¦show more content†¦Bruised and battered. Similar to the neighborhood that enveloped me. A neighborhood I couldn’t remember. In a time of naivety, I tried to reach for him. The smallest of movement cause d an unbearable, inordinate amount of pain. I screamed. He reached down and scooped me up. â€Å"Must be broken,† he reckoned. â€Å"Where am I?† I questioned. Nothing seemed to strike my memory. Not a person around. Not a scent. Not a scene. â€Å"Well darlin’ - you’re in the suburbs of New Orleans. Or rather, what’s left of it.† He seemed relatively calm considering our surroundings. â€Å"Left from what? How did this all happen? Why am I here?† It was baffling. The town looked dead at least the nonliving parts of it. He stopped walking suddenly, as if I’d done something wrong. â€Å"You don’t remember†¦?† He spoke clearly like he wanted my absolute full attention. â€Å"I†¦ No. Should I?† â€Å"Yes. I would assume-† I cut him off, â€Å"Way to be blatantly honest.† He took a step around a large tree that had fallen down completely and crushed a small home. â€Å"What is your name?† Looking down at myself, I didn’t know. In fact I couldn’t remember anything about myself at all. â€Å"I†¦ I don’t know.† â€Å"Well then, I s’pose I should give you a name then, just until you remember.† I smiled. He didn’t need to do anything for me yet, it seems like he keeps doing more and more. â€Å"How do you feel about Estrella? Where I come from it means the star, like the kind in the sky. To me, it seems as though

Grade Eoc Essay Samples Guide

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Stages Of International Market Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Stages Of International Market Development? Answer: Introducation Different factors should be put into consideration when deciding if Austchilli Company is ready to export its products. First, there is need to carry out an internal analysis of the business to determine if there is growth feasibility. First, the financial statements of the company should be analyzed. These include the balance sheet, income statements, and the cash flow statements (Pittel, 2002). These statements should be within 3 to 5 years. They show the profits or losses that Austchilli has been making and the expenses that were incurred. They also show the cash that is coming into the company as compared to that which is going out. If the company is ready to export, the cash inflow ought to be higher than the cash outflows. For the balance sheets and the income statements, there should be a record of profits. Moreover, if the company is publicly traded, the equity from shareholders could be used to finance the export activities. Second, there is a need to analyze the companys management by looking at their level of commitment and how well they have implemented different strategic plans in the past. This knowledge can be gained by talking to the Managing Director because this is the highest authority in the firms management. It is also important to speak to the entire management team. This will aid in providing an enlightenment on the firms culture to see if they are ready to export. For example, Austchilli is a medium enterprise with 50 to 200 employees. The company is privately owned where the managing director has close control and is in charge of critical decision making. The culture of Austchilli includes learning, values, communication, and leadership which are some of the characteristics of organizations that are innovative (imanskien?, PauÃ… ¾uolien?, and PauÃ… ¾uolis, 2015). The company can seek assistance from other exporters who are not its competitors inorder to venture into exporting. Another factor that should be considered in the internal analysis is the presence of resources that will be used to enter the new markets. To export products, Austichilli will need to have funds for distribution, product adaptation, marketing among others. Therefore, if the company lacks the necessary resources, it cannot be able to thrive in foreign markets and is therefore not ready to export its products. Further, it is necessary for Austchilli to evaluate if the company has knowledge and skills on entry procedures and documentation needed to venture into foreign markets and the different export risks that are involved. This is because ignorance on this matter may cause the company to make losses due to fines or to fraudsters. If it is determined that the Austchilli has in-depth knowledge of these procedures, this is an indication that it may be ready to enter new markets (Henisz, 2000). After the internal analysis of the company has been carried out, there is a need to analyze the entire industry. There is a need to find out to what extent the industry is involved in the global market. By conducting this analysis, one can understand the significant aspects of the industry that can be used in their own exporting decisions and processes. Moreover, the company can gain insights on how to conduct their exportation processes by receiving advice from other businesses providing substitutes in the same industry (Arnold, 2001). Additionally, there is a need to determine the trade-offs and benefits associated with the expansion of the market internationally (McDonald, n.d.). This is important in the determination of what outweighs the other. Entrance into the export market will lead to reduced dependence on domestic markets. Trade-offs may include the need for additional financing to hire more staff or the plowing back of short-term profits to ensure that there will be profits in the long run (Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy, 2012). Once it is identified that the benefits outweigh the trade-offs the company can consider other factors. Next, it is vital to determine whether the avocado products from Austchilli have export potential. This may require a SWOT Analysis of the products to find out what the competitive edge of the products would be in the foreign markets. If the products are not performing well domestically, they should not be introduced into external markets because there is a high probability of failure. However, if the analysis showed that the company is financially weak, has no competitive edge, has poor management, or lacks knowledge on international markets, the company can carry out different activities to strengthen its position. These include; setting up meetings with successful exporters to know how they managed to succeed, carry out training activities for their employees on exportation matters, or join export clubs. Priority Markets for Austchilli It is significant for Austchilli to carry out a robust analysis of existing markets to identify which markets have the highest growth opportunities and will bring the highest return on capital invested. The insights that are made from carrying out the business domestically can come in handy when choosing the best export markets. Austchilli Company should, therefore, focus its efforts and resources on finding the most favorable foreign markets before initiating the export process. To identify the priority markets for Austchilli company, there are some steps that can be followed to ensure the results are as accurate as possible. First, economic modeling is essential to be able to identify the markets that had the highest potential for growth and that could provide this company with competitive advantages (Manfredi, 2003). Next, an analysis of potential resources that are needed regarding capital sources, availability of technology, and talent for the workforce should be conducted. Further, an analysis of key trading blocs in the region that would enable Austchilli to reduce costs by saving on taxes should also be conducted. Finally, it is valuable to observe the significant role players in the industry identify how they have been able to remain profitable over the years. Activities such as liberalization of trade, extensive changes in technology, and presence of extreme competition are factors that are extremely vital in consideration of priority export markets. It is vital for the company to evaluate if it can be able to have a comparative advantage or absolute advantage over other competitors (Arthur, 2004). It is more important to have an absolute advantage than a comparative advantage because being able to produce high-quality products is much better than producing low-quality products at low prices. However, the company should strive to enter into markets where they can be able to provide both advantages at different levels in a bid to reach as many customers as possible. One model that was used in the analysis of foreign markets is the Ricardian model. In the context of international trade this model asserts that there is a comparative advantage difference based on differences in technology in different countries (Soo, 2017). This model assumes that apart from technological differences, all other actors are the same in the home country and the country to which products are being exported. This model is based on the labor theory of value. This model unlike a majority of other models in international trade says that international trading activities are beneficial for all the countries involved. It states that even nations that use poor technological infrastructure will benefit from global trade (Arthur, 2004). The labor theory has three significant implications. These are; units of labor are homogenous in the country, labor is mobile within the country, but immobile internationally, and labor is the one primary factor of production (Horwitz, n.d.). The Ricardian model created a basis for my analysis of entry into international markets, but different factors were refuted such as the implication that labor is immobile internationally. This is because the senior authority will be situated in the companys home country but will oversee all trading activities in the foreign markets (Horwitz, n.d.). By this model, there is a need to look even at the available labor when choosing target markets. The target market should also have the proper technology to be used in trading activities. This will aid in saving time and costs. Economies of scale are brought about by business expansion. To maximize profit margins, it is vital to identify countries in which the costs of production are much lower than those in the domestic country. Additionally, countries which have higher prices for the same products are attractive to venture into. By so doing, the company will be able to increase sales volumes and consequently reap higher profits. Historic links that exist with other countries should also be put into consideration. These include trade blocs and existing free trade areas. These factors should be put into an account to ensure that the company can maximize its revenues and reduce taxes. This process of market prioritization involves market segmentation as well as market targeting. Market targeting refers to the process in which specific market segments are selected based on a segmentation exercise. The segments are evaluated by an agreed criteria. The major constraint involved in this process is the presence of limited resources (Mulderij, 2016). The process of prioritization involves the selection of a given segment depending comparison of the chosen segments and through this process, resources are allocated to the chosen segment. Market targeting, segmentation, and prioritization are the foundations on which the marketing strategy is based and are very important in the process of developing routes to market. Criteria for market attractiveness Conventionally, people believe that a market segment that does not price sensitive is good because it can enable the company to maintain its profit margins. However, if a company has a high market share and it employs economies of scale, it is likely to increase its profit levels. It is therefore very important for Austchilli to take this factor into consideration when choosing its priority markets. Competition levels The existing competition levels in a given market segment determine whether it is favorable. If the competition is made up of a few weak competitors, market entry into this segment of pressed avocado products would be favorable. However, factors that show unattractive markets in regards to competition are; the presence of many players in the market with similar products, very many channels providing the products, ease of price comparison, and the willingness among customers to change from one product to another (Henisz, 2000). Moreover, it is vital to look at how likely it is that new competitors may join the market. It has been conventional wisdom that large market segments are more attractive than small segments. However, these segments may be highly contested by other companies, and therefore they may be unfavorable for the long haul. Austchilli would be better fitted to join a niche market where it could easily gain a large market share for its pressed avocado products and make a greater revenue. Segments that have high growth potential are more likely to be considered attractive. However, due to this, they may also attract many competitors. A market may become either attractive or unattractive due to its rate of change. Segments that are stable are also more predictable as opposed to those that are unattractive. However, they leave few opportunities for growth and product differentiation. Conversely, those that are unstable have the upper hand in that they can offer new opportunities on a continuous basis. In turn, this makes them more open to competitors. Determination Matrix Market attractiveness Weighting Price sensitivity 35% Growth 25% Competition intensity 20% Market size 20% Total 100% Statistics show that in the year 2016, Mexico produced over one million tons of avocado. Of this total, eight hundred and sixty thousand was shipped to the United States. And the rest of other markets. However, the prices were not so favorable because the United States was saturated by avocado products from other places (Mulderij, 2016). This, therefore, shows that the United States may be a large market, but it faces price fluctuations due to the presence of many competitors. China has also been seen to have a very high demand for avocado products. Chile, which exports avocado products to China reported that their exports had grown twice this year as compared to those achieved last year even though China is not their main market. Their main market is Europe which highly values avocado products. As a result, the prices received for the products are high (Horwitz, n.d.). However, given the present competition, the market has not increased enough to make huge profits. Spain is a gateway through which avocado products enter into Europe. It is a hub for importing and re-exporting avocados. The Spanish domestic market has a high demand for avocado products. This makes it very much more favorable than the united states because the avocado products are sold to the local markets, and they are also re-exported to the rest of Europe. However, Netherlands has a more prominent market than Spain and it also re-exports to other destinations such as France and Germany (Mulderij, 2016). This, therefore, makes it a higher priority than Spain. Therefore, regarding market size, the most favorable markets are; The United States, Netherlands, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Canada, China respectively. Based on the above data, a matrix can be created as follows; Segments Price sensitivity (35%) Growth (25%) Competition intensity (20%) Market size (20%) Total (100%) USA 13 7 7 8 =13+7-7+8= 21 Netherlands 12 6 2 6 =12+6-2+6=22 France 3 3 3 2 =3+3-3+6=9 United Kingdom 4 3 3 1 =4+3-3+1=5 Germany 1 2 1 1 =1+2-1+1=3 Spain 1 2 1 1 =1+2-1+1=3 China 1 2 3 1 =1+2-3+1=1 The table shows that the most favorable market is Netherlands followed by the United States, then France. The calculation involves a subtraction of the competition factor because this will affect the company negatively. This means that the first market that Austchilli should enter is Netherlands. In case of expansions in the future, the second market to export into is the United States of America. After identifying these markets, the next step is to call importers of pressed avocado products from these countries to be able to identify the costs that will be incurred in the process of exporting the products to them. Physical meetings should then be set up. The discussions should involve the different distribution channels that can be used, the documentation required, and the different expenses that will be incurred in the entire process. In-depth interviews should then be conducted in the process of choosing the most favorable distributors for the products. Elements of the Export Marketing Plan The development of a marketing plan is a critical step in the process of identifying locations around the world in which to sell products and in determining how the market segments will contribute to the goals of the company. If the export plan is well prepared, it enables the business to analyze the potential that exists in international markets for their products. It also enables the organization to evaluate the cost that will be incurred in exportation for the organization to gather all the necessary resources before the exportation process (Varghese, 2015). Different market segments should be considered to determine which works best for the company. These include; retail, industrial, food service among others. The chosen market segment should depend on the wants and needs of consumers as well as the characteristics regarding products demand. Austchilli Company should be in retail because the avocado products have already been processed and it can also be in the foodservice segment. In Netherlands, approximately seventy percent of the imported avocados was intended for re-exporting while the remainder was used for consumption in 2016. Evidently, the retail industry is the most viable segment with about 30 million kilograms imported for consumption in 2016 (Smith, 2017). Market positioning refers to the place that any given brand holds in the consumers minds. It is what distinguishes products from their competitors. Austchilli should emphasize its brand to customers through marketing on the advantages of their products over those of customers. It should also continually market its products to create s strong brand that will not be easily repositioned. The company should also take into consideration Porters five forces in analyzing its competition to decide how well to position itself in the market. The Porters five forces include; the existing competitive rivalry, the bargaining power of the suppliers, the bargaining power of customers, threats of new entrants, and the threat of new substitute products (Varghese, 2015). By taking note of these factors, Austchilli will be able to plan on how to ensure that they remain competitive in the market as well as be profitable. There is also need for the company to find the prices that competitors are charging for their products in order to be able to set prices that are favorable in attracting new customers. When planning on exporting products, it is very important for the company to ensure that proper pricing procedures are put in place. The role of proper pricing ensures that the company can be able to make a profit after subtracting all expenses incurred in the process. It also aids in product positioning. This is where the product can be introduced into the markets as either a luxury commodity, Giffen, or inferior good (Bjeli?, 2011). The pricing also enables the products to be competitive. In this regard, if other companies are providing the same product, the pricing set should not deviate far from the existing prices to ensure that the firm gains customers. When setting prices, Austchilli company should also put into consideration factors such as the exchange rate fluctuations, the legal issues that may lead to increased costs, and the cost of transporting the products. Some other expenses include; costs of research into the international markets, travel costs, promotional costs, costs of product adaptation, warehouse costs, export financing costs, among others. By incorporating all these factors in price, the company can avoid losses by setting a favorable price for its pressed avocado products. In Netherland, the main competitors are cold pressed avocado oil products. For example, a 100ml Westfalia cold pressed avocado oil bottle price ranges between 7 and 8 Euros (Westfaliafruit, 2017). It is paramount for the company to make decisions on how its products will be presented in the foreign markets. This involves decisions on whether the pressed avocado products will be adapted to the new markets or standardized and be sold exactly as they are in the domestic market. The issue of packaging is also very important. In case the export market speaks a different language than the home country, the packaging must incorporate the language of the foreign market. Moreover, the method of packaging must meet the requirements of the foreign country. The product should also be presented in a manner that is in line with the cultural and social norms of the new market. For instance, Austchilli packaging for its export products should be different from its domestic products, but labeling should be similar. When it comes to the method of distribution, the method chosen should depend on different factors. These include; the nature of the product being sold, the objectives of the company regarding geographical coverage, the existing competition, and the range of products being sold by the company. During the initial stages of exporting commodities, the company should decide if it wants to make use of agents to distribute products om their behalf or create strategic alliances with other stakeholders (Australia Trade Commission, 2006). In so doing, the company will make use of the distributors who will deliver their products to different points for sale such as different retail stores. Here are some examples of channels that Austchilli company can use either independently or collaboratively. Producer consumer This is by the use of direct sales to customers. Produce retailer consumer This channel of distribution involves the use of a middle person who buys from the company and sells to the customers at a profit. producer wholesaler retailercustomer this channel uses two middlemen. The company sells products to the wholesalers who in turn sell to the retailers who then sell to customers. Producer agent/broker retailer customer This involves the use of an agent who purchases the products from the company and then sells them to wholesalers or retailers and then to customers. The partners selected to aid in the distribution of the pressed avocado products in the chosen market, Netherlands, should be chosen based on the value they will add to the entire distribution system. Therefore, they should be able to network and increase the number of retail outlets in which the company can sell its products. The most appropriate channel of distribution is shown below. This is because is more affordable compared to the use of agents. producer wholesaler retailer customer Promotion is vital in the process of exporting to create awareness about existing products. The manner in which promotion take place depends on different factors. These include; the cultural and social norms and practices of the new market (Bjeli?, 2011). These must be closely followed to avoid promotional activities that go against the norms of the new regions. A number of resources allocated to promotional activities must also be considered to avoid carrying out product promotion in ways that exceed the budgeted amounts because this could result in losses. The existing competition must also be put into consideration. This is to ensure that the company comes up with innovative promotion activities that can stand out from the competition. The product stage in the product lifecycle also determines the type of promotional methods that can be used. Incidentally, companies that are new to the export market like Austchillli must create a promotional campaign focused on creating awareness of the products and displaying the competitive advantage the product brings. On the other hand, companies that are in the maturity stage who already have a known brand may focus on promotional activities that are aimed at retaining existing customers. There are many methods of promotion that a company can use when entering new markets. Personal or direct selling is one important method that can be used. It involves salespeople who talk directly to potential customers to inform them about the product. They target their customers and inform them of the products being sold with information on the advantages of using the products. This interaction aids to create a connection between the seller and the buyer and aids in creating loyal customers. In-store promotions are also used severally to inform people about the existence of the product. They involve offers that attract customers to take a look at the product (Hultman, Katsikeas and Robson, 2011). Advertising is another method of promotion that can be used to create awareness of the existence of a product as well as display the competitive qualities of the product by showing the superior characteristics of the products. Export documentation It is extremely vital for Austchilli to ensure that it is in possession of all the documents required for the entire process. The documents are provided in different areas. These include; the chamber of commerce, the consulate, international carrier, customs, port, insurance company, bank and in interactions with the consumer. The various documents are used for different purposes, and each one of them is vital. There are three main transportation documents. These include the bill of lading, dock receipt, and the insurance certificate. The bill of lading is used to represent ownership of cargo. It is a receipt for cargo payment and also a contract for the transportation that is between the transport carrier and the shipper of the goods. The dock receipt acknowledges receipt of cargo by the ocean carrier. Lastly, the insurance certificate is used to ensure that loss or damage of cargo is covered while the cargo is in transit (Australian business, n.d.). Banking documents include a draft and a letter of credit. The draft is a demand that payment is made by the Netherland importer to the Austchillis bank. The letter of credit, on the other hand, is a document that the bank issues at the importers request to guarantee that payment is made to the Austchilli if certain provided terms and conditions are met. A commercial invoice is a bill that is provided to the importer by Austchilli. Government documents include; certificate of origin, consular invoice, and export declaration. The certificate of origin identifies Australia as the country that the exports originate from. The consular invoice is a document signed by the consul of Netherland to aid in the control and identification of goods that are being shipped into that Netherland. Finally, the export declaration is a document that provides complete information regarding the shipment (Australia Trade and Investment Commission, n.d.). Risks and how they can be mitigated. The exportation process is risky for a myriad of reasons. The process of exporting products requires substantial amounts of capital. This capital is used to cover the different expenses incurred during the exportation process. The orders that are exported may also require adaptation in a bid to fit the new markets. These processes may involve repackaging of the products to fit the specifications of the foreign markets. These are regarding language used on the packaging, or production of the product in a new way that is totally different from the inventory demanded in the domestic markets such as cold pressed avocado oils (Linda, 2011). This is risky because in case the products do not sell as expected in the Netherland, it could be difficult to bring them back and find a market for them locally. This can be mitigated by ensuring thorough research is carried out to reduce the probability of losses occurring (New Zealand Trade and Enterprise, n.d.). Another risk that is faced in exporting products is that it may prove hard to pursue customers in legal processes. This is mainly due to geographical disparity and the difference in legal systems in both countries. Additionally, the differences that exist in cultural and social practices, as well as language may confuse the interactions between the Australian workers and clients in the Netherland. There could also be disagreements between the two parties on various issues such as pricing. This could be reduced by providing clear guidelines on the expectations of customers to avoid conflict and the use of a translator in cases of language differences (Linda, 2011). The different time zones that may exist between Australia and Netherland countries may also lead to delays. In cases where there are negotiations between the two parties, these could extend for a very long time. Furthermore, in situations where clients make orders at certain hours, delivery can take more time than anticipated. These issues of time lags could, in turn, lead to the emergence of various issues. The inventory may also face the risk of damage due to the long time periods in transport. This could be avoided by making use of technologies that provide information in real time during transportation such as RFIDs to avoid delays. Another hazardous occurrence that is associated with exports is the issue of fluctuations in the exchange rate. In this case, Australia uses Australian dollars while Netherland uses Euros. For example, when a customer negotiates to purchase the products at a given price in the future but at the time of the transaction, the exchange rate may have lowered leading to lower gains from what was previously expected (Australian Government, n.d.). This risk could be mitigated by ensuring that the buyer makes payment at the time of the order. Another way to mitigate this risk could be by ensuring that the Austchilli takes a forward contract where they ensure that regardless of exchange rate fluctuations they will always use the stated exchange rate within the time stipulated by the forward or future contract. This risk can also be avoided by asking for a deposit as soon as the negotiation processes are complete and then taking a futures contract for the remaining amount of money. Customers failure to pay for goods is another risk that occurs quite frequently in the exportation process. This could be caused by disagreements between the Austchilli and the customer or due to fraud. This can be avoided by ensuring that no shipments occur without first receiving the full payment for the ordered goods. Some organization protect themselves from this risk by taking insurance cover referred to as self-insuring.' It is important for companies that are just entering the export markets to be aware of fraudsters (Linda, 2011). They should not just trust customers if they do not have a track record to prove that they are trustworthy. Products may also face the risk of theft or get damaged while on transit. To avoid damages, the packaging materials must be appropriate for the products being transported. In turn, to avoid losses associated with theft, products should be insured. Finally, a risk that is brought about by internal business operations is the organizational risk. This could result from inexperience or mistakes. To minimize the occurrence of this risk, staff should be provided with training sessions on how to effectively perform their tasks. Conclusion It is clear that entering into the exports markets may prove very rewarding for Austchilli Company. However, the company has the duty of first conducting thorough research to ensure that it is ready to export its products. If so, the company should then ensure that it finds the market that will bring it the highest rewards regarding increased profit margins, and high demand levels. The company must then carry out product promotion activities continually to create awareness of its products and increase sales. References Arnold, D. (2001).Seven Rules of International Distribution. [online] Harvard Business Review. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Arthur (2004). The new dialectic and Marx's Capital. Australia Trade and Investment Commission (n.d.).Australian export and import laws - Austrade. [online] Austrade.gov.au. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Australia Trade Commission (2006).Agents and distributors - Austrade. [online]. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Australian business (n.d.).Export documentation. [online] Australianbusiness. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Australian Government (n.d.).Risk management - Austrade. [online] Austrade.gov.au. Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/Australian/Export/Guide-to-exporting/Risk-management [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Bjeli?. (2011). Marketing instruments of foreign trade promotion.Marketing, pp.270-273. Henisz, (2000). The institutional environment for multinational investment.The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization,pp.331-363. Horwitz (n.d.).We're Still Haunted by the Labor Theory of Value | Steven Horwitz. [online] Fee.org. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Hultman, Katsikeas, and Robson. (2011). Export Promotion Strategy and Performance: The Role of International Experience.Journal of International Marketing, pp.16-30. Linda, W. (2011).5 Risks in Exporting Manufactured Goods and How to Avoid Them. [online] Blog.thomasnet.com. Available at: https://blog.thomasnet.com/5-risks-in-exporting-manufactured-goods-and-how-to-avoid-them [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Manfredi (2003). Cycles in dynamic economic modelling.Economic Modelling. McDonald. (n.d.).International Trade. [online] Finance Development | FD. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Mulderij, R. (2016). OVERVIEW GLOBAL AVOCADO MARKET.Fresh Plaza. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (n.d.).Types of risk for exporters. [online] Nzte.govt.nz. [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Pittel (2002).Sustainability and endogenous growth. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Soo (2017). Indivisibilities in the Ricardian model of trade.Economic Modelling, p.310. Terpstra, Foley, and Sarathy. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. Varghese (2015).5 Stages of international market development - Trade Ready. [online] Trade Ready. Available at: https://www.tradeready.ca/2015/fittskills-refresher/5-stages-international-market-development/ [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. imanskien?, L., PauÃ… ¾uolien?, v. and PauÃ… ¾uolis, J. (2015). Characteristics of Innovative Organizational Culture in Small and Medium Enterprises.Management of Organizations, pp.64-70. Smith, M. (2017).Netherlands second largest avocado importer worldwide. [online] Available at: https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2017/19/netherlands-second-largest-avocado-importer-worldwide [Accessed 18 Oct. 2017]. Westfaliafruit (2017).Avocado Oils | Avocado Oils FAQs | Good Health. [online] Available at: https://www.westfaliafruit.com/en-za/Products/Pages/Avocado-Oils.aspx [Accessed 18 Oct. 2017].

The Genius Of Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

The Genius Of Shakespeare Essay Past, Present, and Future: Finding Life Through Nature William Wordsworth poem ?Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey? was included as the last item in his Lyrical Ballads. The general meaning of the poem relates to his having lost the inspiration nature provided him in childhood. Nature seems to have made Wordsworth human. The significance of the abbey is Wordsworths love of nature. Tintern Abbey representes a safe haven for Wordsworth that perhaps symbolizes a everlasting connection that man will share with its surroundings. Wordsworth would also remember it for bringing out the part of him that makes him a ?A worshipper of Nature? (Line 153). Five different situations are suggested in Lines each divided into separate sections. The first section details the landscape around the abbey, as Wordsworth remembers it from five years ago. The second section describes the five-year lapse between visits to the abbey, during which he has thought often of his experience there. The third section specifies Wordsworths attempt to use nature to see inside his inner self. The fourth section shows Wordsworth exerting his efforts from the preceding stanza to the landscape, discovering and remembering the refined state of mind the abbey provided him with. We will write a custom essay on The Genius Of Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the final section, Wordsworth searches for a means by which he can carry the experiences with him and maintain himself and his love for nature. . Diamantis 2 In the first stanza, Wordsworth lets you know he is seeing the abbey for a second time by using phrases such as again I hear, again do I behold, and again I see. He describes the natural landscape as unchanged and he describes it in descending order of importance beginning with with the ?lofty cliffs? (Line 5) dominantly overlooking the abbey. After the cliffs comes the river, , then the forests, and hedgerows of the cottages that once surrounded the abbey but have since been abandoned. After the cottages, is the vagrant hermit who sits alone in his cave, perhaps symbolizing the effects being away from the abbey has had on Wordsworth. Wordsworth professes to sensations sweet / Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart (lines 28-29) which the memories of nature can inspire when he is lonely, just as the hermit is lonely. Wordsworth desires nature only because of his separateness, and the more isolated he feels the more he desires it. This is described in ?Lines? : As that blessed mood, In which the burthen of the mystery, In which the heavy and the weary weight Of all this unintelligible world Is lightened:- that serene and blessed mood, In which the affections gently lead us on, Until, the breath of this corporeal frame And even the motion of our human blood Almost suspended, we are laid asleep In body, and become a living soul. (Lines38-47) In the second stanza, Wordsworth parallels his experience upon returning to Tintern Abbey five years later to his previous visit. He has changed from thinking of the present to the past. He describes using the abbey as a consolation whenever he felt overrun by the dismal, uniform, urban landscapes he had become accustomed to. However, after his first visit he began to forget the details of the abbey and what it meant to him: as gleams of half-extinguished thought, with many recollections dim and faint, and somewhat of a sad perplexity (Line 57-60) Diamantis 3 In the third stanza, Wordsworth begins a transition back to the present moment. He enjoys the pleasure of this time and also anticipates that he will enjoy it again in future memories. In the fourth stanza, however, he starts to recapitulate his life as a series of stages in the development of a relationship with nature. At first he roamed as freely as an animal, but as he grew he felt joy and rapture and passionate involvement with his own youth. .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c , .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .postImageUrl , .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c , .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:hover , .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:visited , .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:active { border:0!important; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:active , .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5146d5c3a2303a38b718ac61bcb7575c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ashtray Of Society Essay Now he is involved with human concerns. He has become more thoughtful and sees nature in the light of those thoughts. He still loves nature, but in a more mature and more emotionally subdued way. Can he salvage the meaning of the abbey and take it with him as an inspiration? In the second stanza he relates how in the five intermediate years he would often attempt to remember Tintern Abbey, to recapture that harmony of mind and environment. He has spent some time away from the region and has forgotten the experience, he becomes doubtful and feels isolated from nature. He recapture the feeling, however, when he refers to these lines in the fourth stanza: The picture of the mind revives again: While here I stand, not only with the sense Of pleasant pleasure, but with pleasing thoughts That in this moment there is life and food For future years. (Line 62-66) In these lines he has stopped circling around the past and present, and has begun to hope for a solution for the future. There follows a comparison of his present and past selves, how they have changed and remained the same. At first he possessed a childlike wonder, but as he grew he became more involved with human concerns. He has become more thoughtful and sees nature in the light of those thoughts. He has traded the boundless energy for maturity and the still, sad music of humanity (line 92). Wordsworth ends the poem with the fifth stanza, a farewell to the abbey and the inspiration it has given him. He realizes that there may come a time when he may no longer be able to inspire himself with life-changing situations, and that he will not be able to run back to Tintern Abbey to find himself again. He does what he can, though. He will also be able to rely on his sister, who shared these experiences with him and in whose voice I catch the language of my former heart, and read my former pleasures in the shooting lights of thy wild eyes (lines 117-120). Eventually even these may fail him, and in the closing lines of the poem he consoles himself that he and his sister will be able to look back fondly and at least remember their shared time together.

My Perception of Marriage and Family Essays

My Perception of Marriage and Family Essays My Perception of Marriage and Family Essay My Perception of Marriage and Family Essay The family is the basic component of our society. Society came from families that multiplied and united years before. Society was formed by a form of social contract in which families volunteered to be parts. When we talk of society, we cannot help but reflect to the idea of family. The two concepts are corollary. It is the family that first teaches us how life should be lived. The family is the basic molding institution of each of us. It greatly influences our lives and the way we view life.I am from a typical Asian family which I consider a traditional type of a family. Asian family can be seen as a functional family in which every member has its own function. The father is the one tasked to find means for the whole family to survive and he is the one in charge in majority of the decision making process. The mother on the other hand, is the one who is tasked to raise the children and to do household chores while the father is out working. The children’s function is to take e ducation and when at home, they will help the mother in cleaning the house and in preparing food for the arrival of the father.As a person coming from a traditional Asian family, I greatly consider my plans of marriage someday as patterned to the structure of which my parents upheld with just some considerations. I look at my father as somewhat my ideal husband and I view my mother as the person that I want to be but aside from duplicating my mother’s service to my family, I want to be a working mother someday. My family context has a strong influence on how I view and want to live life as a whole but then again, I’m also capable of knowing the needs that may arise in building my own family. I find it necessary for me to work someday in order to lessen the burden of working to the shoulders of my husband.Basically, my family’s definition of a family and how it functions is a product of social construction. â€Å"Social constructs are institutionalized entity or artifacts in a social system, invented or constructed by participants in a particular culture or society that exist because people agree to behave as if it exist, or agree to follow certain conventional rules, or behave as if such agreement or rules existed† (wikipedia.org). As a person coming from a typical Asian family, I also came from a particular Asian context having its own set of social constructs. Social constructs are perceived maxims of people that were put into convention and transformed into social beliefs that will influence people with their daily actions. My context is the reason why my understanding and plan of a family in the future is greatly patterned to the family I came from. The sets of social constructs are somewhat the basis of rightness of my decisions. The lives of people became always intertwined with these sets of beliefs such as I’m intertwined with the kind of family I came from. Social constructs dictate the lives of people. How people ac t depend on the set of social beliefs they have.Social constructs also undergoes evolution. It changes and grows from time to time. This is due to the fact that people’s mind are so rich and full of possibilities. It is capable of conceptualizing new ideas for what they perceived as for the improvement of what they aim for. Social constructs are dynamic because the minds of people are also dynamic. This is the reason why I am also open to be a working mother just like a mother from other types of family. I don’t hinder myself to other perspectives as long as it’s of good help in improving my way of life. It is part of being human that we create standards on how to live life better but it is also part of man’s nature to grow and be open for betterment.Therefore, even though I am from a traditional family and the context I came from greatly influenced my line of thought and understanding of marriage and family, I am still open and receptive of things that I deem to be right and appropriate and things that can improve my way of life due to my capacity to rationalize.

Airplane Ears

Airplane Ears Airplane Ears Airplane Ears By Maeve Maddox Filip from Sweden has a question about an unpleasant accompaniment to flying: My question is simple but yet hard to explain. Its about the phenomenon blocked ears, or cap of the ears or whatever you might call it. You know when you land with an airplane and you feel theres pressure inside your ear and after a while . . . the bubble bursts. I guess you understand what it is Im referring to. So, my question is, what is it really called? . . . Whats right, in both English and Latin? I certainly know what Filip is referring to. Once my ears remained blocked for more than a week after a flight. Thats when I began carrying a big package of gum when flying. I chew furiously at take-off and upon landing. That seems to do the trick for me. No more blocked ears. Since I didnt know the medical term for this phenomenon, I decided to call it airplane ears. Apparently thats a term that other people use. Heres the definition from the Mayo Clinic site: Airplane ear is the stress exerted on your eardrum (tympanic membrane) and other middle ear tissues when the air pressure in your middle ear and the air pressure in the environment are out of balance. You may experience airplane ear at the beginning of a flight when the airplane is climbing or at the end of a flight when the airplane is descending. These fast changes in altitude cause air pressure changes and can trigger airplane ear. Airplane ear is also called ear barotrauma, barotitis media or aerotitis media. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†At Your Disposal6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Consultancy Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consultancy Management Techniques - Essay Example Such management techniques have led to high expectation in terms of making decisions at the corporate level (JLR, 2015). JLR has invested a lot of resources in research and development.The decision to invest resources of an organization requires contemplation.Information used to make decisions in JLR can be found in the internal systems of the company. Most organizations have been increasingly been relying on MIS to collect data on their employees, suppliers, customers and other stakeholders of the business. Consequently, transactions made are recorded in the systems of the company (JLR, 2015). The data collected will then be mined and translated into meaningful information that will be used to make decisions (Laudon and Laudon, 2004). To arrive at proper decisions, the data that is accustomed to the best alternative should be credible. The issue of quality data is very imperative since managers may settle for wrong decisions. Given the authority that has been bestowed to senior managers, they cannot afford to make bad decisions. Managers make capital investment decisions that require them to be very careful before making a step. As a result, the data that is availed to them to interpret so as to make decisions must be of high quality. Data can be termed to be of high quality it meets a number of standards. It should easily be interpretable. Further, there must be free from errors, must be reported in time for decisions to be made it time are among the standards used to assess the quality of data (Laudon and Laudon, 2011). The role of Management Information System is to provide managers with valuable information that can be used to make decisions. In most cases, the information collected must be properly organized. Usually, the data have been in a raw state making it necessary for it to be so that it can be easily interpreted. The most relevant information that is

The perception eassay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The perception eassay - Essay Example Self-concept affects the formation of the style of behavior and human activity. In other words, it largely determines the dynamics and direction of development of the person. Psychologists study self-concept from different perspectives. Thus, the assessment of oneself as a whole as good or bad is considered to be general self-esteem, and the assessment of the achievements in selected activities is called private. It is essential that private evaluation may develop unevenly. Factors that affect the self-concept can be viewed from different perspectives, so-called the particular others and generalized others. In addition, we can divide it into actual (what has already been achieved) and potential (that one is capable for). It may be adequate, when the opinion of the person currently coincides with the fact that he really is. The person properly correlates his capabilities and skills; he is sufficient critical to himself, analyzing his failures and successes, trying to set goals that can be achieved in practice. Examining the progress he uses not only his own point of view, but also trying to predict how other people would react. In those cases when a person evaluates himself not objectively, when his opinion of himself differs from what is considered by others, self-concept is often inadequate, and is divided into overcharge and undercharge one. When self-concept is inadequate, a person has a misconception about himself, idealized image of his personality and capabilities, of his value in others` eyes. Based on the written above, I can describe my self-concept as adequate. Im not trying to please others too much, but at the same time I do not forget that my opinion is not considered as the only right. I can be described as a person, who understands what self-esteem feeling is. I know my rights as a human being, and do not

Freud vs Rogers Essay Example for Free

Freud vs Rogers Essay Freud’s theory of psychopathology begins with an analysis of the development of a person. Part of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis looks at the growth and development of erogenous zones or parts of the body that are the sources of tension or excitation. These erogenous zones include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and gential stages. Freud believed that at any of these developmental stages a person could deal with a failure in the instinct development or a fixation. Fixation occurs if an individual has a fear of going to the next stage because they receive too little or too much fulfillment in their current stage. Moreover, there are three different personality styles that may come about due to a fixation. In oral personality, a fixation at the oral stage causes a person to be narcissistic and only interested in themselves. The anal personality shows a tendency to show orderliness and cleanliness. Finally the phallic personality has men attempting to reach masculinity complex and women to be exhibitionistic and flirtatious. Consequently, a phenomenon associated with fixation is regression which is an individuals desire to regress back to an earlier point of development. Stress is an optimal condition that triggers regression. On the other hand, Rogers had a different way of understanding what the causes psychopathology. Rogers believed in the self-actualizing tendency which is a move towards completion or fulfillment of potentials. He understood this to be a primary motivating drive to reach one’s full potential and come to realize actual self. He believed that incongruence between the real self, the self â€Å"I† believe to be and the ideal self, the self â€Å"I† want to be, differ significantly. This lack of balance causes anxiety.

Wisdom Leads to Suffering in Brave New World by George Orwell Essay

Solomon spoke once, after a life filled with great wisdom of nature- chochmah tata’ah- that all of life exists for vanity, that purpose erases itself from existence and man is left with only a mean, purposeless life. Orwell, in 1984, realizes in his work that insight gained of the workings of a dystopic society, leads only to the discovery of purposelessness- the reduction of life to something other than that it purports to be. Orwell’s attack of wisdom takes shape through his usage of juxtaposition in character description, the telling nature of Winston’s state post-discovery, and a most mystifying metaphysical description: the peril of knowing too much. In the same way that Solomon captured the essence of chochmah tata’ah, the wisdom of the external, so Winston gains more knowledge of the external world, in the same way that Solomon (or a Qohelet pretending to be him) wrote of despair issuing from wisdom in Ecclesiastes, Winston finds himself suffering more than the people around him, due to his wisdom. In 1984, Doublethink forces the entire society, both the proles (because of their intelligence quotients) and the higher echelon of people (in order to keep power), into a stupor which leaves the without any knowledge of their situation in life, and completely- obliviously- happy. Though Orwell paints a picture of a crumbling world, the people within see no need to improve it because the simply choose to ignore problems. The people around Winston find themselves duped into believing blindly, without wisdom, and are content while Winston, aware of his surroundings, constantly struggles. Orwell’s message here screams to t he reader that knowledge leads to pain. Winston, strolling to work one day, sees a man with a twitch- fightin... ...fering and death of the combatants. The only outcomes of increased knowledge and wisdom of the external- chochmah tata’ah, exist as oppression and death. Orwell, though speaking out against the oppressiveness of societies, argues more strongly that humanity’s gain of wisdom about corruption leads only to suffering. The author of 1984 brings these points to fruition in his character analysis, and his analysis of reality itself. In the same way that Adam sampled the fruit of The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and gained only death, the addition of wisdom to the human consciousness leads only to suffering. The epic told to represent this story by Orwell ends with the argument that â€Å"War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength.† (4), the argument that when ignorance is lost, suffering and weakness follow. Work cited: Brave New World, by George Orwell.

American Folk Art

Visiting the four on-line sites devoted to â€Å"Gilded Lions and Jewelled Horses: The Synagogue to the Carousel† helped me to enhance my knowledge of Jewish woodcarvers art, and I was also provided with excellent opportunity to explore the works of American and European artists. I found out that American art has contributed developing of distinct Jewish culture within American boundaries. The works of art presented at the sites are really exuberant and refine as they reflect the history of transformation and, what is more important, of survival of cultural heritage.The exhibitions presented amounts more than one hundred works and objects, as well as documentary photographs of synagogue arks and carved gravestones, carousel animals and sacred carvings. I learned that Jewish immigrants had to struggle to balance their observant life with reality as it was difficult for them to adjust to new environment. Nevertheless, the most interested information I learned is about the histor y of carousels and carousel animals – lions and horses.My favorite image (see picture) is a standing horse with jeweled trappings made by Marcus Charles Illions. The horse is wooden, painted and decorated with glass eyes and jewels. Illions is known to create the most animated carousel animas and his horses seemed exhausted from their eternal gallop tempers. The horses were often entailed with wild eyes and they were flying in the air. Carousels gained popularity in American and one of the possible reasons is that they were designed by diverse generation of immigrants who added distinct features to horses and lions.The carousel industry flourished in urban centers of New York and Philadelphia as those regions were characterized by mass immigration from countries with strong carving traditions. Mostly, carousel animals were designed by Italians, Germans and Eastern Europeans. Works Cited http://www. folkartmuseum. org/default. asp? id=1869 http://www. gildedlions. org/ http:// www. gildedlions. org/carousels. html http://www. gildedlions. org/welcome. html

Sand Casting Techniques

MME 3210 Materials Processing Techniques Laboratory Assignment – Sand Casting of an Aluminium 13wt% Silicon Alloy 1) Process Attributes Waste shown yellow* Waste shown yellow* After taking part in the sand casting laboratory session it was made clear that the process possessed many advantages and disadvantage, both from the process itself and from the final part produced. Observing the process step by step it was noted that the tasks carried out by the operator were not very difficult (i. e compacting sand, pouring liquid metal) and so giving the advantage of only requiring a low skill level.However, although the process did not involve a large amount of skill it was observed to be very labour intensive and took a long time to complete one cycle of the process (around 30mins). Having a long cycle time is clearly a disadvantage as time is money in the manufacturing industry but this could be slightly reduced if multiple moulds were prepared simultaneously. Another advantage obs erved during the sand casting procedure was that the equipment used was not very expensive and unlike other casting processes the mould was reusable.With only a low capital investment needed this would make short production runs viable. Probably the most noticeable disadvantage to the sand casting method was the low material utilization. In the labs example (seen left), almost a third of the material used is lost to the riser, runners and feeder. Particularly in today’s waste conscious culture this can cause many problems, however it can be tackled by better design. 2) Process Problems Shrinkage: Shrinkage defects in the final product are usually the result of a feeding defect.As shrinkage naturally occurs during the solidification process, if liquid metal is not sufficiently fed through the feeding system to compensate then it will result in an indented surface. The surface defect was clearly shown in the lab example (shown left). A shrinkage defect normally occurs on the la st part to solidify, so logically in the labs case the shrinkage occurred on the surface of the thickest part Furthermore the big defect problem of a surface sink was observed in the sand casting lab session (shown left).A sink such as this would give major dimensional inaccuracies and would probably have to be redone as it would be unsuitable and uneconomical for further processing. Solution: One way in which an engineer could reduce the effects of shrinkage is to design the mould to compensate for the shrinkage during solidification (i. e making the mould larger). Also due to shrinkage being mainly associated in being a feeding problem, the redesign of the feeding system would reduce the set back. Making the feeding sprue thicker would ensure that the system continues to feed liquid metal to the cavity, thus preventing shrinkage.Furthermore utilizing a uniform part thickness would also tackle the problem reducing residue stresses and leading to uniform cooling. Rough Surface Textu re: The defect causes an undesirable distorted surface finish and is formed due to the texture created from the compacted sand used to create the mould cavity. The effect was observed in the part created from the lab session and can be seen right. Solution: The rough surface effects created from the mould sand can be significantly reduced by using sand with very small grain size.Particularly for the face sand which lines the surface of the mould cavity, if the grains used are very fine then surface finish will be improved dramatically. Porosity: The defect of porosity occurs because of the liquid metal used to create the part can hold large amounts of dissolved gasses. As the liquid metal solidifies, the materials new solid form can no longer hold these gasses and so they form bubbles. These bubbles can be generated both on the surface of the material and internally, thus they effect the strength of the materials solid form and resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties.Effect s of porosity shown above* Effects of porosity shown above* In the lab example holes were added in the sand to allow gas and moisture to escape, however effects of porosity were still clearly visible. Solution: The solution to eliminating the undesirable effects of porosity is based around minimizing the amount of gas that is in the liquid metal. One way in which gas inclusion to the liquid metal can be reduced is to minimize the effects of turbulence experienced during the filling process.Similarly to solving the problem of shrinkage, this can be solved by redesigning the filling system. The design used in the lab example used the bad design set up. With the sprue placed at the top of the mould cavity, the liquid metal flows fast splashing in to the mould cavity below and resulting in turbulence and gas inclusions. If the good design set up is implemented then the liquid metal will flow slower and because runner is fed into bottom of the mould cavity with several gates, splashing w ill be significantly reduced, turbulence minimised and inclusion of gasses eliminated.Good design Good design Bad design Bad design 3) Advantages for using Aluminium – Silicon alloy having 13wt% Si: * Aluminium alloys supply reasonably high tensile strength in relation to density, compared with other alloys such as cast steel. * Corrosion resistant in normal environment. * High fluidity of composite melt provides easy transfer and pouring of material to mould (demonstrated in lab shown below). * Utilizes a Eutectic system, reducing defects such as porosity. * Silicon within eutectic results in: Increased corrosion and wear resistance. * Reduced thermal expansion coefficient. * Improved casting and machining characteristics. *Increasing silicon content within alloy will magnify these properties accordingly * Different Al and Si within Eutectic act as a hindrance to dislocation movement. * On part completion, alloy material can be easily polished and painted for an aestheticall y pleasing surface finish. 4) Nucleation Solidification does not happen instantaneously but occurs by a process of nucleation and growth.All pure crystalline solids have a given melting temperature (Tm), although when above this temperature the material will be in a stable liquid state, if cooled to a temperature equal to Tm then the material will start to crystalize. This usually involves some degree of undercooling for crystal nuclei to form. Free Energy Of system Free Energy Of system From the graph above it can be seen that by increasing the undercooling ? T, the free energy also increases ? G. Gets steeper as T is decreased Gets steeper as T is decreased There are different types of nucleation, homogeneous and heterogeneous.Although homogeneous almost never occurs in real life it can be used to build a model of the more realistic heterogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous occurs on an existing nucleant but unlike homogeneous the nucleated cap is a solid rather than a sphere, thus less atoms are required. Process usually requires liquid to wet the nucleant surface. Growth For growth to be sustained, the temperature of the melt must be less than the melting point. The speed in which growth occurs can be controlled by the amount of undercooling applied, with a large amount of undercooling resulting in rapid growth.In addition the growth also depends on how fast latent heat is removed during crystallization. Both these aspects contribute to the temperature gradient of the melt which affect crystal formation. Constitutional Undercooling Usually caused by non-equilibrium concentration gradient, constitutional undercooling is more likely to be found in alloy casting rather than in pure materials. Seen in the diagram right, the amount of constitutional has a large impact on the type of crystal growth. Looking at the solidification of Al 13% Si, it would be expected to solidify under eutectic solidification.Due the fact that it is a composition of two materials, alum inium and silicon, and that during the lab the material solidified at a single temperature (room temperature). Furthermore it also provides the lowest melting temperature for the materials used. This is an energy savings in a production area. 5) From the many defects created during the creation of the lab example part it was clear that something in the process needed to be changed in order to produce a part of a more acceptable quality.As highlighted earlier, a main area for improvement was with the method of delivering the liquid material to the mould, particularly focusing on the design of the feeder. The current feeder design used is very basic and can be seen right. The set up uses a thick single vertical cylindrical shaft with a very small taper, delivering liquid metal directly to the cavity via a single runner. Concentrating on feeder design, one way in which defects can be reduced is by supplying the cavity with a smooth constant volume of flow.As the current feeder is very thick, the material is delivered very fast to one area of the cavity causing turbulence and inclusion of unwanted gas. This undesired effect could be minimized by changing the set up of having one large feeder to possibly 3 smaller ones. The use of multiple feeders would allow a more evenly distributed and constant metal flow. In addition the angle of taper could be increased to assist constant volume flow. Cavity Cavity Multiple feeders Multiple feeders Each of the feeders used should be reduced in thickness as much as possible, still maintaining the desired flow rate.This is important as although deliverance of material is critical, the amount of waste material must be reduced as much as possible. Although only visual inspection was applied to the produced lab part, if it was discovered that the defects main cause was that of impurities within the solidified material than the Cosworth ‘’upward fill’’ system could be employed. Due to its upward fill the p rocess eliminates the problem of impurities within the liquid melt and impurities that sink or float are discarded. References http://www. acetake. com http://www. rheocast. com www. electrochemsci. org/papers/vol4

Shooting an Elephant Essays

Shooting an Elephant Essays Shooting an Elephant Essay Shooting an Elephant Essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is a story written by George Orwell in 1936. This story takes place in Burma, one of the colonies of the British Empire.   Orwell found himself at the receiving end of the insults of the people of Moulmein in Lower Burma as subdivisional police officer. People sneered at him although they obeyed the rules. Orwell does not like his job there because he does not like working for their oppressors- the British.Orwell hated imperialism and he was convinced of its nature one day when he encountered an incident involving an elephant that caused trouble at a bazaar. He went to investigate the commotion, bringing his rifle. Along the way, he was informed that the elephant was already tame. Her just had an attack of â€Å"must.†He was informed that the elephant had now strayed in the paddy. As the people saw him walking, they followed him. Slowly there was a big crowd following him. It grew to about 2,000 people who were now behind him. As he saw the elephant, he thought that his â€Å"must† was now wearing off and that the best thing to do was just to leave it alone. Thoughts went through his mind on what the best thing to do and even if he did not like to shoot the poor elephant since it no longer seemed harmful, still, he had to do it because all the people in the village followed him and rooted for him to shoot it down. He had no intention to kill an elephant. But with the people expecting him to shoot it, he seemed to have no option but to do as the crowd wishes or else he would be so unpopular to them.In a final look at the excited crowd, he shot the elephant. Death came slowly to the old elephant. He shot it several times. The crowd shouted in approval. He learned later that the natives had stripped the meat out of the elephant. He knew that he did the act only because he did not want to look like a fool.The solution, which Orwell was not able to do at all in his situation, was to take a good look at the people an d the circumstances that was causing him to suffer and then uncover the beliefs that led him to do the action that he felt compelled to do. He was forced to shoot the elephant because he had to protect his image. In the end, he felt like a puppet   because he just did what the crowd wanted him to do.

11 Facts You Should Know about Halloween

11 Facts You Should Know about Halloween The U.S. is a society of consumers, and an economy based primarily on consumer spending, so its no surprise that Halloween is celebrated in  consumerist ways. Lets take a look at some interesting facts about Halloween consumption, with data from  National Retail Federations Halloween Headquarters, and consider what they mean from a sociological perspective. 171 million Americans- more than half the entire national population- will celebrate Halloween in 2016.Halloween is the nations third favorite holiday, but second favorite for those between the ages of 18-34. It is  less popular with older folks, and more popular among women than men,   according to a 2011 Harris Interactive poll.Not just for kids,  Halloween is an important holiday for adults too. Nearly half the adult population will dress in costume for the occasion.Total U.S. spending for Halloween 2016 is expected to reach 8.4 billion dollarsan increase of more than 3 billion dollars since 2007. That includes $3.1 billion spent on costumes, $2.5 billion on candy, and  $2.4 billion on decorations.The average person will spend about $83 celebrating Halloween.About a third of all adults will throw or attend a Halloween party.One in five adults will visit a haunted house.Sixteen percent will dress their pets in costume.In 2016 costume choices among adults differ by age brack et. Among Millennials, Batman characters take the number one spot, followed by witch, animal, Marvel or DC superhero, and vampire. The number one costume among older adults is a witch, followed by pirate, political costume, vampire, and then Batman character. Action and superhero characters are the top choice for children in 2016, followed by princess, animal, Batman character, and Star Wars character.Pumpkin wins the top spot for pets, followed by hot dog, bumble bee, lion, Star Wars character, and devil. So, what does all this mean, sociologically speaking? Halloween is clearly a very important holiday in the U.S. We can see this in not only the patterns in participation and spending  but in what people do to celebrate the holiday. Early sociologist Émile Durkheim observed that rituals are occasions upon which people in a culture or society come together to reaffirm their values, beliefs, and morals. By participating in rituals together, we activate and reaffirm our collective consciencethe sum of those beliefs and ideas we share in common,  that take on a life and force of their own due to their collective nature. In celebration of Halloween, those rituals include dressing in costume, trick-or-treating, throwing and attending costume parties, decorating homes,  and going to haunted houses. This raises the question of what values, beliefs, and morals are reaffirmed through our mass participation in these rituals. Halloween costumes in the U.S. have evolved away from the holidays social origins as taunts and mocking of death, and toward popular culture. Sure, witch is a popular costume for women, and zombies and vampires are also in the top ten, but the variations of them trend more toward sexy than scary or evocative of death. So, it would be false to conclude that the rituals affirm values and beliefs of Christianity and Paganism. They point instead to  the importance placed on having fun and being  sexy in our society. But, what also stands out to this sociologist is the consumerist nature of the holiday and the rituals. The primary thing we do to celebrate Halloween is buy stuff. Yes, we go out and get together and have fun, but none of that happens without first shopping and spending moneya collective 8.4 billion dollars. Halloween, like other consumerist holidays (Christmas, Valentines Day, Easter, Fathers Day and Mothers Day), is an occasion upon which we reaffirm the importance of consuming in order to fit in with the norms of society. Thinking back to Mikhail Bakhtins description of medieval carnivale in Europe as a release valve for the tensions that arise in a highly stratified society, we could also surmise that Halloween serves a similar function in the U.S. today. Currently economic inequality and poverty are at their greatest in the nations history. We are faced with an incessant onslaught of terrible news about global climate change, war, violence, discrimination and injustice,  and disease. In the midst of this, Halloween presents an attractive opportunity to take off our own identity, put on another, shake off our cares and concerns, and exist as someone else for an evening or two. Ironically, we may be further exacerbating the problems we face in the process, by perpetuating the hypersexualization of women and racism via costume, and  by handing our hard-earned money over to already wealthy corporations that exploit laborers and the environment to bring all the Halloween goods to us. But we sure have fun doing it.

Research Paper ( Fine Art) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

( Fine Art) - Research Paper Example This therefore implies that art is relative and differs greatly with the region either of origin or of representation. The metropolitan Museum in New York therefore stocks artifacts from diverse cultures among the most common of the current exhibits are The Sleeping Eros, Birds in the art of Japan and Plain or Fancy among many others. The above artifacts have unique features that set them apart from the rest. Additionally, the creators of such works employ different artistic features to ensure that the above artifacts communicate effectively and draw the attention from their audiences. Each of the three artifacts has specific placing and draw relevance to specific cultures. However, the modern society is integrated and culture therefore is increasingly difficult to distinct between the different social groupings. This requirement by the modern consumers of art works dictates the use of familiar and modern features that best earn the artifacts familiarity with the modern audience. Owi ng to such features as time and the social stratifications, the different artifacts possess distinctive features, which readily set them apart in terms of both their time of production thus their target audience. The Sleeping Eros for example is an iconic artifact in the museum, one of the oldest and among the finest. Set during the Bronze Age in the human history, the artifact consists of pure bronze. Man had identified a number of metals throughout the evolution history. The discovery of bronze was an integral period in the development of man since with bronze, man could make very strong and durable (Semper and Harry 33). Bronze was therefore the only essential tool man had, he artifact is therefore also made of bronze and set in the early times. The sleeping Eros is a simple artifact, which simply depicts a sleeping male child with curly white hair lying on his left arm but with a wing. The simplicity of the creation makes it easier to understand and is typical of the timing of t he artifact. At such early periods, man had not developed sophisticated features that could influence the development of more sophisticated artifacts. However, in its simplicity owing to the use of bronze, which was arguably easier to manipulate, the artifact conveys complex social features of the early Greek society. The hair of the Eros among other pertinent features sets it to the early Greek culture. Its other intricate features such as the wing and the missing left arm set it in the supernatural world thereby earning it some elements of divinity. Plain or fancy is yet another beautiful artifact, which just as the name depicts a comparison of two iconic artifacts bound into one. It is a painting of two different jugs. One of the jugs is earthen while the other is metallic. The difference between the jugs is conspicuous yet it becomes increasingly difficult to select which is more beautiful. In such a simple creation, the artist manages to conceal his intended meaning in the cont ours of his creation. The relativity in the comparison of the two jugs is also applicable in the analysis of the message that the artist communicates in his artifact (Foster and Judith 51). It is evident that the artifact compares a number of features of both the earthen jug and the metallic one. In the history of man, the use of earthenware was characteristic of the